An Alternative to Dark Matter? Part 3: An Open Universe (3 Gy to 76 Gy) Galaxies and Structures Rotation

A cosmological model was developed using the equation of state photon gas, as well cosmic time. The primary objective this is to see if determining observed rotation speed galactic matter possible, without dark (halo) a parameter. To do so, numerical application evolution variables in accordance with time and new determine precise, realistic values for number parameters, such energy universe U, constant EΛ, curvature space k, density ρΛe, age tΩ (part 1). That universe, when taken into consideration during formation first galaxies (FΛ(r), which can partially explain, recourse matter, rotations some galaxies, M33, UGC12591, UGC2885, NGC3198, NGC253, DDO161, UDG44, MW Coma cluster. Today, MW, that gravity force order 1026 times smaller than conventional force. predicts an acceleration mass (q~-0.986); associated Ek driving behind expansion rather EΛ. An obtained form Friedmann relative Planck power PP or FP acting at frontier moving c. This force, from unknown sources, acts everywhere stretching effect on volume. Finally, partly explains value a0 MOND theory. Indeed, not true constant, but depends great structures were formed (~1 [Gy]), adjustment typical dimension those structures, galaxies. different expression FΛ expressed by Λ, through energy-mass equivalent structures. It does put question G.